Abduction and Adduction

Abduction and adduction motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb.  Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body,Adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb...

Types of Body Movements

Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation. The type of movement that can be produced at...

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Multiaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/ lateral rotation movements. Only 2 joints of the body: Shoulder and hip joints.   The joint with the greatest range of motion is the ball-and-socket joint. At these joints, the...

Plane Joint – Arthrodial Joint

Multiaxial joint; allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column. Examples: Intertarsal joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae.   At a plane joint (gliding joint),...

Condyloid Joint

Biaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/ adduction, and circumduction movements. Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints of fingers; radiocarpal joint of wrist; metatarsophalangeal joints for toes.   At a condyloid joint (ellipsoid joint), the shallow...