Golgi Tendon Organ

The Golgi tendon organ (GTO) (also called Golgi organ, tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle) is a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension. It lies at the origins and insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into...

Articulations of Vertebral Arches

The joints between the articular processes of the vertebrae belong to the arthrodial variety and are enveloped by capsules lined by synovial membranes. While the laminae, spinous and transverse processes are connected by the following ligaments: The Ligamenta Flava:...

Intervertebral Discs – Articulations of Vertebral Bodies

The articulations between the bodies of the vertebrae are amphiarthrodial joints, and the individual vertebrae move only slightly on each other. When, however, this slight degree of movement between the pairs of bones takes place in all the joints of the vertebral...

Excursion

Excursion is the side to side movement of the mandible. Lateral excursion moves the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side.Medial excursion returns the mandible to its resting position at the midline.

Opposition and Reposition

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. This movement is produced at the first carpometacarpal joint, which is a saddle joint formed between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone. Thumb...